SUSTAINABLE STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS OF WASTE RUBBER, TEXTILE, AND CERAMIC MATERIALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and significantly contributes to global waste generation, environmental degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. This widespread impact primarily arises from the traditional linear "take-make-dispose" economic model, which accelerates resource depletion and creates pressing issues like overflowing landfills and ineffective waste treatment. To address these challenges, the circular economy (CE) model has gained traction by promoting the reduction, reuse, and recycling of materials as practical and sustainable alternatives. This transition is particularly crucial in construction, where early adoption of CE strategies can help reduce reliance on virgin materials and promote long-term environmental benefits. This paper examines key trends from the past decade related to the resistance of radical waste materials, specifically rubber, ceramics, and textiles, against effective recycling. It emphasizes the material characteristics and challenges these wastes present, highlighting the opportunities and barriers to integrating them into sustainable practices within the building and construction sector.