Nurse educational intervention on breastfeeding-related problems among postnatal mothers in a tertiary health facility in Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Breastfeeding problems and poor technique contribute to early discontinuation of breastfeeding and neonatal morbidity. Educational interventions that teach proper latch and positioning may reduce breastfeeding-related problems and improve maternal confidence and practices.
Objectives: To determine the effect of a structured educational intervention on breastfeeding-related problems, mothers’ knowledge of proper breastfeeding technique, and breastfeeding practices among postnatal mothers at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital.
Methods: A quasi-experimental pre–post study was conducted among 172 postnatal mothers at NAUTH. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire addressing breastfeeding problems, confidence and knowledge of proper technique, and specific breastfeeding practices. Participants received a standardized breastfeeding education session with demonstrations. Pre-intervention and post-intervention responses were compared using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: At baseline, 92.4% of mothers reported ≥1 breastfeeding problem; the most common were nipple pain (32.0%), engorgement (26.7%), latching difficulties (17.4%), and low milk supply (16.3%). Most mothers (81.4%) had no formal breastfeeding education, and large knowledge gaps existed about latch signs (79.7% unfamiliar) and positions (74.4% not knowledgeable). After the nurse led educational intervention, problems fell sharply: 70.3% reported no problems and only 29.7% reported issues. Post intervention problem rates were nipple pain 9.9%, engorgement 4.1%, latching difficulties 6.4%, and low milk supply 9.3%. Confidence and knowledge improved—90.1% confident, 100% received formal education, 94.2% familiar with latch signs, and 82.6% knew positions. Observed technique reached high levels: 100% correct head–body alignment and holding baby close, universal pillow use, and 90.7% very comfortable with positions. Statistical tests showed significant pre–post improvements in overall problems (p = 0.008), frequency (p < 0.001), confidence (p < 0.001), technique/frequency (p < 0.001), and comfort (p = 0.005).
Conclusion: The structured educational intervention substantially reduced breastfeeding-related problems and improved mothers’ knowledge, confidence, and practical breastfeeding technique. Integrating hands-on breastfeeding education into routine postnatal care and providing follow-up support is recommended to sustain gains and address remaining gaps.