Exploring the potential of biohydrogen as a sustainable energy solution for Pakistan: A review of production processes and policy challenges

Fawad Saleem Satti *, Muhammad Awais Munawar, Danish Rafaqat, Danish Zahoor and Khurrum Shehzad Quraishi

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 13(01), 2663–2669.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.1.1966
Publication history: 
Received on 06 September 2024; revised on 04 October 2024; accepted on 17 October 2024
 
Abstract: 
Due to growing carbon dioxide emissions and the depletion of fossil-based energy sources, international studies have been focusing more intensely on developing hydrogen as a source of renewable energy. Biohydrogen is an exciting and green alternative energy source with various different benefits. Unlike traditional energy sources, biohydrogen production does not emit pollutants, making it a more environmentally friendly option. Biohydrogen generation, particularly from microalgae and other low-cost biomass feedstocks, so offers the dual benefit of delivering clean electricity while absorbing Carbon Dioxide. This research investigates the possibility of biohydrogen as a sustainable energy solution for Pakistan's climate issue. We examine the current state of biohydrogen generation technologies, such as dark fermentation, photo fermentation, bio photolysis, with a focus on their potential application in Pakistan. The study investigates global advances in biohydrogen research and their significance in Pakistan, demonstrating biohydrogen's potential contribution to Pakistan's energy independence and environmental targets, as well as the practical and policy-related challenges that must be addressed to advance biohydrogen energy generation and wider adoption.
 
Keywords: 
Biohydrogen; Renewable energy; Microalgae; Carbon dioxide reduction; Sustainable energy
 
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