Isolation, characterization and evaluation of ceftazidime and Cefoperazone resistant bacteria from hospital waste

The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms poses a serious threat to global public health. Hospital waste environments are recognized as important reservoirs for resistant bacteria due to continuous exposure to antimicrobial agents and pathogenic microorganisms. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate bacterial isolates resistant to ceftazidime and cefoperazone from hospital waste samples collected in Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Environmental samples including wastewater, sludge, and contaminated soil were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis. Bacterial isolates were obtained using standard culture techniques and identified through morphological, microscopic, and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method, and fungal sensitivity was evaluated using agar well diffusion. Molecular detection of resistance genes was carried out using PCR targeting blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes. Results indicated the presence of diverse bacterial populations, with a significant proportion showing resistance to both antibiotics. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of β-lactamase genes, indicating genetic determinants of resistance. Statistical analysis revealed significant variation in inhibition zones across concentrations. The findings highlight the role of hospital waste as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and emphasize the need for effective waste management strategies.