Enumeration of endophytic fungi isolated from Tinospora cordifolia found in Ranchi district of Jharkhand and screening of their extracellular enzyme activity

Endophytes are microorganisms, primarily fungus and bacteria, that colonize the intracellular and intercellular spaces of healthy plant tissues at specific times. These germs are asymptomatic and unobtrusive. It is thought that fungal endophytes are a wealth of physiologically and structurally active substances. The presence of endophytes in the host plant and the kinds of secondary metabolites that endophytes produce can occasionally provide plants their therapeutic qualities. The goal of the current work was to extract and identify endophytic fungus from the leaves of Tinospora cordifolia, or the common medicinal herb Giloy, using a culture-dependent method. Three endophytic fungal isolates were collected for this investigation. Following a single spore isolation procedure in which a distinct culture of each individual colony was prepared and phyto-genetically analyzed by molecular studies, all isolates were predominantly identified by morphological traits. The agar was turned red, grey, or pink by the endophytic fungi, which were velvety reddish white or grey, cottony and hairy growth with spores brushing the lid. Endophytic fungal isolates' growth features in potato dextrose broth included mycelia development at the broth's surface and broth coloration on the agar.