Comparative analysis of decomposition rates and organic matter inputs from diverse plant species

This study evaluated the decomposition rates and nutrient dynamics of four abundant plant by-products: corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, and pineapple crown as organic amendments for soil improvement and sustainable agriculture. It was conducted in a nursery setting. The decomposition rates were measured at 30 and 60 days via weight loss, while soil nutrient parameters, including pH, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic matter, were analyzed. Significant differences showed in the result of decomposition rates among materials: rice straw and pineapple crown decomposed fastest, followed by corn stover, while sugarcane bagasse decomposed slowest. Soil pH generally decreased, and sugarcane bagasse buffered soil acidity better than other residues. The nitrogen levels decreased significantly over a period of time, indicating microbial immobilization during breakdown. Potassium and phosphorus were relatively stable, with the highest amount derived from sugarcane bagasse. Over time, organic matter retention marginally improved, especially with treatments using sugarcane bagasse and pineapple crown. Significant effects of the type of organic material on soil pH and decomposition were confirmed by ANOVA with some interaction effects over time. Results show that while sugarcane bagasse is beneficial for balancing soil pH and retaining vital nutrients despite slower decomposition, rice straw and pineapple crown are appropriate for rapid nitrogen release to improve soil fertility. As a means to lessen dependency on synthetic fertilizers and support sustainable agriculture in the region, this study offers a better understanding of the best way to determine suitable plant-based organic amendments.