State of atmospheric pollution between vulnerabilities and criticalities from 2007 to 2022 and a projection in 2030 focused on the proliferation of gasoline sales in the city of N'Djamena

Haroun Ali adannou 1, 2, *, Ntamack Samuel 2, Ndiassé FALL 3, Mahamat Annour Béchir 1 and Simon Ngos III 2

1 Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N’djaména; N’djaména-Chad.
2 National Higher School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon.
3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 13(01), 1931–1942.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.1.1843
Publication history: 
Received on 20 August 2024; revised on 28 September 2024; accepted on 30 September 2024
 
Abstract: 
According to the World Health Organization (2008), 1.3 million annual deaths worldwide are attributable to air pollution, and that the latter is the cause of 16% of the total number of deaths. Among air pollutants, particles play an important role in worsening air quality in urban areas. The city of Ndjamena has recorded an increased proliferation of hydrocarbon stations since 2007 to the present day. The analysis of the vulnerability and criticality of pollutants from 2007 to 2022 and a projection to 2030 were made. For a response relating to the subject of our research, we chemically characterized two types of gasoline by following the recommended parameters. The result obtained following these analyses shows that street gasoline has a more or less negative result compared to gasoline produced, stored and sold in accordance with standards and regulations in Chad. We note that the analyzed contraband gasolines have negative results unlike other types of gasoline sold at the pump (some service stations) in terms of: - ASTM distillation, confirming the presence of significant heavy fractions, the Octane Index, presenting a minimum limit required by the standard for super 90 gasoline. Total sulfur, which reaches the maximum limit required and finally, Corrosion giving the maximum limit required by the standard in terms of corrosion. We also noted the presence of traces of water and unidentified solid debris at the bottom of most of our contraband samples.
 
Keywords: 
Air Pollution; Vulnerability; Criticality; Species
 
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