A review on effect of different pesticides on earthworm

This review seeks to raise awareness of the value of earthworms in sustainable agriculture as well as the impact of pesticides on their activity. Enhancing agricultural sustainability requires a high level of soil biodiversity. The immense diversity of soil organisms allows for the best possible utilisation of the resources found in the varied habitats at different resolution levels. By turning organic waste and biodegradable material into nutrient-rich vermicast, earthworms play a significant role in the growth and upkeep of the soil's nutritional value. They go under the name of ecological engineers as well. Earthworms are the primary agents of the process, modifying the microbial activity significantly by splintering the substrate and aerating the environment, even though microbes biochemically decompose organic materials. The biodiversity of invertebrates, particularly earthworms, has been negatively impacted by the widespread use of pesticides. Although they are impacted by intensive practices like pesticide usage, earthworms play a vital role in many ecosystem functions that promote the sustainability of agrosystems. Not only do pesticides rank among the most expensive and widely used soil toxicants, but they also directly impact soil structure through supplementing and indirectly affect it through loss of biodiversity and serious injury to non-target organisms like earthworms.