Zero-waste initiatives and circular economy in the U.S.: A review: Exploring strategies, outcomes, and challenges in moving towards a more sustainable consumption model

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of zero-waste initiatives and circular economy (CE) models in the United States, aiming to understand their contribution to sustainable consumption. Employing a systematic literature review methodology, the study sourced data from academic journals, government reports, and industry publications, focusing on literature from the year 2015 to 2023. The search strategy involved a combination of keywords related to zero-waste, circular economy, and sustainable consumption in the U.S. context. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected literature, which was then subjected to thematic synthesis for data analysis. Key findings indicate that the evolution of zero-waste and CE concepts in the U.S. is driven by increasing environmental awareness, leading to innovative waste reduction strategies and sustainable consumption models. Despite significant environmental, economic, and social benefits, challenges such as institutional barriers, financial constraints, and technological hurdles persist. The study highlights the crucial role of standards, policies, and regulatory frameworks in facilitating the adoption of zero-waste and CE practices. Successful case studies underscore the importance of community involvement and stakeholder engagement. The study recommends that policymakers develop supportive legislative frameworks, businesses integrate sustainable practices into their operations, and communities actively participate in waste reduction efforts. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of these practices and the role of emerging technologies. The transition to zero-waste and CE models is essential for sustainable development, requiring concerted efforts from all stakeholders.