Antibacterial cationic polymers: A novel approach for combating bacterial infections

Bacterial resistance is a growing global health problem that is impeding effective disease treatment. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria threatens the viability of conventional antibiotics. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are critical parameters for establishment of infection in the host. Antimicrobial cationic polymers have emerged as a promising tool for combatting bacterial infections due to their potential to inhibit bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and growth. Cationic polymers have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria, including strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Optimizing polymer efficacy, reducing potential toxicity, and improving stability remain important research areas. Several nanopolymers (nanoparticle conjugated polymers) naturally have antibacterial properties. They can be utilized by health care institutions to make antimicrobial coatings for surfaces or medical devices, thus lowering the risk of healthcare-associated infections. This review highlights an update on recent advances in the synthesis of cationic polymers and their formulations with minimal host side effects and maximum antibacterial efficacy.