Pneumothorax occuring during the final stage of treatment in miliary tuberculosis patients

Air in the pleural space can cause lung collapse and respiratory discomfort, which can be life-threatening in very ill patients, making pneumothorax a medical emergency. Since tubercle bacilli can travel through the blood to the lungs and other organs, Miliary Tuberculosis (TB) is a disseminated disease that can be lethal. We present a case of a 36-year-old male with Pneumothorax Occuring during the Final Stage of Treatment in Million Tuberculosis Patients. The patient is currently undergoing outpatient treatment of miliary TB for the 11th month and so far his condition is getting better, however was admitted to the emergency unit of the hospital, diagnosed with left pneumothorax based on clinical, laboratory, and radiology showing. In meanwhile, 88% of the room air was saturated with oxygen, necessitating Intensive Care Unit treatment with HFNC FiO2 100 Flow 60, followed by high consentration oxygen therapy with a non-rebreathing mask (NRM) of 15 litres/minute. Combivent inhalation and pulmicort inhalation were given every 15 minutes. The family refused to install a water sealed drainage or chest tube in the patient. The patient was also given treatments with ceftriaxone, citicolin, methylprednisolone, omeprazole and the advanced phase of tuberculosis drugs namely Rifampicin 450 mg and Isoniazid 300 mg. On the 6th day of treatment in the ICU, the patient's condition improved and the pneumothorax decreased. In this case, the likelihood of Pneumothorax in patients with miliary tuberculosis needs to be emphasized, as well as the importance of evaluation and strict follow-up to prevent the occurrence of pneumothorax.