Unraveling the genetic diversity and evolution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)

Ephraim Motaroki Menge *

Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2023, 20(03), 513–523.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.2.1009
Publication history: 
Received on 23 October 2023; revised on 29 November 2023; accepted on 02 December 2023
 
Abstract: 
The analysis of genetic differences among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species has shed light on the genetic diversity and evolution of these fascinating organisms. AMF are essential constituents of land ecosystems because of their mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots. Their capability to amplify nutrient absorption, enhance water assimilation, and stimulate overall plant development plays a pivotal function in sustaining thriving ecosystems. By extensively examining the genomes of various AMF classifications, researchers have uncovered their evolutionary connections and gained understanding of the impact of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) on their genetic makeup. This knowledge has not only upgraded our comprehension of the evolutionary past of AMF but has also furnished valuable insights into the mechanisms that govern the symbiotic interactions between fungi and plants. In future studies on AMF genome variance, it is crucial to prioritize functional characterization, understand co-evolutionary dynamics with host plants, uncover mechanisms and implications of HGT, and integrate metagenomic approaches. By identifying the specific genes and genetic variations that contribute to AMF's ability to form mutualistic associations with plants, scientists can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of this important ecological relationship. Furthermore, through the analysis of genetic divergence in both AMF and their host plants, researchers can elucidate the co-evolutionary dynamics that have shaped their mutualistic symbiosis. Equally, understanding the contribution of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to AMF genetic diversity can provide insights into the evolutionary history and adaptive abilities of these fungi. Ultimately, the incorporation of metagenomic techniques into future studies on AMF genetic diversity will facilitate a broader understanding of the microorganism populations associated with these fungi. By focusing on these domains, it is possible to advance our understanding of AMF biology and unlock novel opportunities for innovative applications in agriculture and ecosystem management.
 
Keywords: 
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi; Genetic Diversity; Genomic Variation; Horizontal Gene Transfer
 
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