Understanding the mechanisms of nutrient transfer between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Host Plants

Ephraim Motaroki Menge *

Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2023, 10(02), 557–567.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.2.1013
Publication history: 
Received on 25 October 2023; revised on 01 December 2023; accepted on 03 December 2023
 
Abstract: 
Understanding the mechanisms of nutrient transfer between AMF and host plants is essential for enhancing our knowledge of plant nutrition and improving agricultural practices. Transporters are protein substances that enable the movement of nutritional elements between the host plant and AMF. They ensure even and adequate distribution and uptake of micronutrients, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Apart from transporters, AMF also have a crucial role in the distribution of nutrients within the host plants. These beneficial microbes establish an intricate system of hyphae that spreads in soil, assimilating limited nutrients that would otherwise be inaccessible to the host plant. These fungal networks augment the plant's ability to obtain nourishment, particularly in environments where some elements are limited. The mechanisms underlying the transporter network involved in nutrient exchange between AMF and host plants remain to be fully deciphered. Examining the connections of this network can bring to light the coordination between incongruent transporters and the entire process of nutrient interchange. Future studies should prioritize investigating the particular molecules and genes engaged in nutrient exchange to understand this essential mutual relationship better. Furthermore, assessing the impact of environmental factors on AMF associations can help devise strategies to optimize nutrient absorption in agricultural systems. By manipulating ecological factors such as soil nutrients or pH levels, it may be possible to increase the efficiency of nutrient transfer, thus improving plant growth and productivity.
 
Keywords: 
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; AMF associations; Nutrient exchange; Transporters; Strigolactones
 
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