Understanding and addressing the cholera outbreak in Zambian communities

Chanda Chansa Thelma 1, Lufeyo Chitondo 2, Edwin Vinandi Phiri 3 and Mwila Mwenda Gilbert 4

1 Rockview University, Lusaka, Zambia.
2 Twin Palm Leadership University, Zambia.
3 P.O Box 440091, Isoka, Zambia.
4 Rockview University, Lusaka, Zambia. 
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(01), 526–534.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0095
Publication history: 
Received on 08 December 2023; revised on 19 January 2024; accepted on 22 January 2024
 
Abstract: 
Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by the Vibrio cholera bacterium, primarily transmitted through contaminated water and food. The effects of cholera on health can be severe and potentially life-threatening. The hallmark symptom of cholera is acute watery diarrhea, which can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. As the body loses large amounts of fluid and essential salts, individuals with cholera often experience intense thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, and lethargy. If left untreated, the dehydration can progress rapidly, causing a dangerous condition known as choleric dehydration and in most cases death. Hence, the study was conducted to analyze the effects of cholera on health in selected communities of Lusaka district in Zambia. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods and a descriptive survey design that sampled 42 participants purposively and conveniently. Data was obtained from the respondents by means of questionnaires and record reading. The data was analyzed by the use of software; Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) and Microsoft Excel (version 16). Frequency tables, graphs, figures, and pie charts were also used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the effect of cholera on health extends beyond dehydration, affecting various organ systems. Severe cases may lead to hypovolemic shock, characterized by a significant drop in blood pressure and inadequate perfusion of organs. The study also found that Cholera outbreaks pose significant public health challenges, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean water. The study therefore recommended that since cholera is highly contagious, primarily through contaminated water and food, those affected should be isolated to prevent the spread of the bacteria. Additionally, Proper hygiene, such as regular handwashing, is essential to reduce the risk of transmission.
 
Keywords: 
Bacteria; Cholera; Effect; Health; Infection; Outbreak
 
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