Statistical modeling and predictive analysis of aerodynamic efficiency in NACA 2412 Airfoils: Engineering insights

Amit Khanna 1, Ananya Khanna 2, Arshiya Khanna 3, Garima Seth 4, *, Piyush Giri 5 and Aditi Giri 6

1 Engineering, AMD, US.
2 Engineering, UT Austin, US.
3 Stiles Middle School, Leander ISD, US.
4 Training & Certification, Amazon, US.
5 Engineering Computer Science, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, India.
6 PGDBM Human Resources, JK Business School, India.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 13(02), 2215–2225.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2358
Publication history: 
Received on 22 October 2024; revised on 01 December 2024; accepted on 03 December 2024
 
Abstract: 
This paper investigates the effects of varying the Angle of Attack (AoA) on the aerodynamic efficiency of the NACA 2412 airfoil by analyzing the Lift-to-Drag (L/D) ratio. Using wind tunnel tests at a constant speed of 95 MPH, data was collected at 5-degree AoA increments from 0° to 30°, and L/D ratios were computed for each trial. The results revealed a parabolic relationship between AoA and L/D ratio, with maximum efficiency occurring at an AoA of approximately 20°, marking the Critical Angle of Attack. Beyond this point, aerodynamic efficiency declined, aligning with the expected stalling behavior. A predictive quadratic model with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.98) was developed to estimate efficiency across various AoAs. The study provides practical insights for optimizing aircraft performance during critical phases such as takeoff and landing, especially for aircraft using the NACA 2412 airfoil, including Cessna models. However, limitations such as the lack of negative AoA data and minor experimental variability were noted, prompting further investigation into broader AoA ranges.
Aerodynamic efficiency is pivotal in modern aviation, particularly during critical flight phases like takeoff and landing. As aircraft systems become increasingly reliant on sophisticated firmware for optimal performance, understanding the intricacies of aerodynamic principles, especially the Angle of Attack (AoA)—becomes essential. The AoA is a critical input for flight control systems, as it directly influences lift and drag characteristics. Therefore, the insights gained from analyzing the lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio in relation to AoA not only enhance aerodynamic understanding but also inform the development of intelligent control algorithms used in autopilot systems and flight management software.
Furthermore, as aircraft design evolves to include more advanced automated systems, the need for reliable testing and validation methods becomes paramount. This study’s findings provide a framework for firmware engineers to develop and refine algorithms that respond effectively to varying flight conditions, ensuring enhanced safety and performance. By examining the aerodynamic behavior of the NACA 2412 airfoil, we can stay informed on the design of robust firmware solutions capable of adapting to changes in AoA and optimizing aircraft efficiency in real-time. The insights gained from this study inform engineering applications by providing foundational data for the development of algorithms in flight control firmware, allowing for real-time adjustments based on angle-of-attack measurements. This has implications for enhancing safety and performance in automated flight systems.
 
Keywords: 
Aviation; Aerospace; Airfoil efficiency; Firmware; Engineering; Applied engineering
 
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