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Solanum aculeastrum Dunal berries: Phytochemical profiling and GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract and n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions
1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kenya.
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health
Sciences, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda.
3 Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
4 Pan African University for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya.
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kenya.
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(01), 1933–1958.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0250
Publication history:
Received on 31 December 2023; revised on 10 February 2024; accepted on 12 February 2024
Abstract:
Background: Solanum aculeastrum is reportedly used in several diseases including gonorrhea, bronchitis, jigger infestations and wounds, and cancers. We conducted an exhaustive phytochemical and GC-MS profiling of its methanol extract and solvents’ fractions.
Methods: About 4500g of dried berries of S. aculeastrum was extracted with methanol, part of which was partitioned into fractions of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions. These fractional preparations were subjected to phytochemical and GC-MS profiling except aqueous fraction.
Results: The percentage yield of 430.69g of methanol extract of berries of S.aculeastrum was 9.57%w/w, while the yields of dried 19.4g of n-hexane, 38.4g of DCM, 6.4g of ethyl acetate, 81.03g of n-butanol and 21.2g of the freeze-dried aqueous fractions were 7.08%w/w, 14.03 %w/w, 2.33%w/w, 29.60%w/w and 7.74%w/w respectively. The relative presence of glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, saponins were confirmed except quinones. GC-MS profiling of methanol extract identified 32 compounds including alkane, alcohol, carbohydrate, fatty acids, terpenoids, glycerides, vitamins and some unclassified compounds. 25 compounds including terpenoids, alkene, fatty acids, vitamin and unclassified compounds were identified in n-hexane fractions. The DCM fraction yielded 20 compounds including isoprenoid, terpenoids, amino acids, carboxylic acid and unclassified compounds. 22 compounds were identified in ethyl acetate fraction including phenol, fatty acids, alcohol, terpenoids, glycerolipid and unclassified compounds. The n-butanol fraction yielded 11 compounds including fluorinated aromatic substance, hormonal antineoplastic and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
Conclusion: This study has further elaborated on the bioactive compounds in berries of S. aculeastrum, to aid robust understanding of its pharmacological activities.
Keywords:
Phytochemical; GC-MS; Methanol; n-Hexane; Dichloromethane; Ethyl acetate; n-Butanol
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