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Quantification of THC levels in different varieties of Cannabis sativa
1 Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India.
2 Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Mysore- 570015, Karnataka State, India.
3 Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka State, India.
4 Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore -560064, Karnataka State, India.
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2023, 10(02), 860–873.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.2.1029
Publication history:
Received on 01 September 2023; revised on 12 November 2023; accepted on 15 December 2023
Abstract:
This literature review paper highlights and updates the THC quantification methods applied for the differentiation of Cannabis varieties and final Cannabis products as a part of the quality control measures. The quantification method also helps to differentiate between Medical Cannabis sativa (drug or marijuana) and Industrial Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp) since THC levels are different. Cannabis has been used for thousands of years for recreational, medicinal, or religious purposes and does not produce Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) is produced by the cannabis plant as a precursor. The acidic residue of THCA undergo decarboxylation upon heating producing the psychoactive, Cannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). A variety of analytical techniques have been developed for quantification and qualification of Cannabinoids and other compounds in Cannabis plant. The most common cannabinoid quantification techniques include color tests, testing gadgets, Cannabinoids direct ELISA Kit, thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The lack of accurate reporting of THC potency can have impacts on medical patients controlling dosage, recreational consumers expecting an effect aligned with price, and trust in the industry as a whole. Therefore, quantification of final Cannabis product plays an important role in quality control measures. This literature review paper is developed as a part of Cannabis Science awareness programme since Cannabis with 2 different names (marijuana and hemp) is used as a medicine, food and psychotropic drug (THC).
Keywords:
Cannabis; Color test; Direct ELISA Kit; Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA); High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Testing gadgets
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Copyright © 2023 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
