A prospective study on etiology and clinical profile of chronic Cor pulmonale

SAIFUDDIN SARGIRO *, ASHOK P YENKANCHI, MUHAMMED MUSHTAQ AHMED and SHARHAN. P. P

Department of General Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College & Hospital, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 13(01), 2702–2708.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.1.1970
Publication history: 
Received on 03 September 2024; revised on 04 October 2024; accepted on 17 October 2024
 
Abstract: 
Background: Cor pulmonale accounts for approximately 6% to 7% of all adult heart disease cases in the United States and is involved in 10% to 30% of hospital admissions for congestive heart failure nationwide.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital in Vijayapura, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample included 73 cases, with detailed medical histories and symptom analyses collected from each participant. A thorough clinical examination was also performed.
Results: Among the 73 patients, 25 (34.3%) were aged 40 to 50 years, while another 25 (34.3%) were over 60 years. The majority were male (80.8%), and 50 patients (68.5%) had a history of smoking. All participants presented with symptoms of breathlessness, cough, and swelling of the feet. Physical examinations showed tachypnea, crepitations, and rhonchi in all individuals. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema were identified as the leading causes of chronic cor pulmonale in 44 patients (60.2%).
Conclusion: This study found that chronic bronchitis and emphysema were common causes of chronic cor pulmonale, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals, with males affected more than females and smoking identified as a major contributing factor. Common symptoms included breathlessness, cough, and lower extremity swelling. Physical examinations frequently revealed tachypnea, crepitations, rhonchi, and notable signs such as epigastric pulsations, loud P2, pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation, and parasternal heave. Chronic cor pulmonale has a substantial impact on both pulmonary and cardiac function; 53.7% of patients are at risk of readmission within one year of discharge. The condition is generally associated with a poor prognosis. This highlights the importance of early detection of signs and symptoms to enhance management outcomes.
 
Keywords: 
Chronic cor pulmonale; Clinical profile; Etiology; Chronic bronchitis; Emphysema
 
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