Phytochemistry and GC-MS screening and biocidal potentiality of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) pods against mosquitos’ larvae

Dalia Mustafa M. Elbashir 1, Mutaman AA Kehail 2, *, Yasir Mohamed Abdelrahim 2 and Abdelmonem Eltiyab H Ali 3

1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Sudan.
2 Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Sudan.
3 Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, KSA.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2021, 03(02), 083–089.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.2.0135
Publication history: 
Received on 16 August 2021; revised on 21 September 2021; accepted on 23 September 2021
 
Abstract: 
Many measures have been used for mosquito control, including the elimination of breeding places, exclusion via window screens and mosquito nets in addition to natural products including clove (Syzygium aromaticum). This study was run at University of Gezira, Sudan, to run phytochemical and GC-MS screening for clove pods before used it as mosquito control agent. The standard methods, materials and devices were used to screen the phytochemical components and the chemical constituents (GC-MS). The WHO protocol for testing the susceptibility of mosquito’s larvae to insecticides was followed in bioassay. The aqueous and the ethanol extracts from clove pods were prepared and used against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae. The results showed that, Aedes mosquito was relatively more susceptible (LC50= 498 mg/L) to clove aqueous extract than Anopheles (LC50= 561 mg/L) and Culex (LC50= 615 mg/L), and similar findings were observed for clove pods ethanol extract, which is relatively more potent than the aqueous extract. The biocidal activity can be attributed to the presence of the detected saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The GC-MS for the ethanol extract showed that, the principal compounds were Eugenol (81%) and caryophyllene (4.65%). Further studies should be run to improve knowledge about how to use this natural product in more economic trends.
 
Keywords: 
Clove pods; Phytochemistry; GC-MS; Mosquitoes; Natural products
 
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