Localization Mechanisms and Optimization Pathways of the New Era “Fengqiao Experience” in a Multiethnic County with Returned-Overseas-Chinese Settlements: A Case Study of Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province

The practical form of the New Era “Fengqiao Experience” varies considerably across grassroots settings, and its effective operation is closely related to local social structures, interest relations, governance resources, and institutional foundations. Taking Yuanjiang County in Yunnan Province as the case, this study examines the basis, operating mechanisms, and practical constraints of localization against a county context in which multiethnic settlement, the resettlement of returned overseas Chinese, the development of specialty agriculture in a hot-climate zone, and increasing openness and mobility overlap. Through embedding in local social relations, adapting governance methods to specific contexts, coordinating multiple actors, and integrating resources through governance platforms, Yuanjiang has gradually developed grassroots governance practices suited to local conditions. Yet growing social complexity and the increasing specialization of governance tasks continue to place pressure on grassroots capacity, platform coordination, and the institutionalization of local experience. Further improvement is therefore needed in cultural adaptation, professional support, and platform linkage so that existing practices can evolve into more stable governance mechanisms.