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Off-label use of tramadol combined with Lacasera® soft drink: A sub-acute toxicological study using Wistar rats to evaluate the effects of combination on human basic haematological parameters and weight changes
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe, University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, 420110 Anambra State, Nigeria.
2 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka Campus, P.M.B5022 Awka, Nigeria.
3 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025 Awka, 420110 Anambra State, Nigeria.
4 Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biology, School of Nursing and Health Science, Neumann University, One Neumann Drive, Aston, PA, 19014. USA.
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 12(01), 170–184.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0736
Publication history:
Received on 16 March 2024; revised on 28 April 2024; accepted on 01 May 2024
Abstract:
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid that is used to treat moderate to severe pain in both acute and chronic conditions. Tramadol is predominantly used off-label for premature ejaculation and euphoria among male youth in Nigeria, especially when dissolved in Lacasera® soft drink, which gives it a pleasant taste. Research has not yet examined the effects of this combination on hematological parameters, despite the fact that this type of abuse is common among young people and poses a public health risk. A 28-day subacute study was conducted with Wistar rats weighing 160-180g. The rats were separated into 8 groups of 6 each. The control groups: 1 and 2 were treated with Lacasera® and deionized water respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 35mg/kg per day, 70.7mg/kg per day and 106mg/kg per day of Tramadol dissolved in deionized water respectively. Groups 6, 7 and 8 received similar doses of Tramadol dissolved in Lacasera®. Blood samples were analyzed using auto-analyzer and standard methods. The data was analyzed using a statistical tool software (SPSS version 27). All results were presented as mean ± SD. Values were considered significant at p<0.05. Hematological analysis of groups treated with Lacasera®-Tramadol combination shows dose-dependent significant decreases (p<0.05) in PCVs, RBCs, and Hbs. WBCs and platelets increased in groups that received Lacasera®-Tramadol combination. The study concludes that regular or infrequent users of Lacasera® without Tramadol are unlikely to experience serious hematological complications. However, chronic Tramadol-Lacasera® users will experience increased toxicity over time, leading to hemolytic anemia.
Keywords:
Anemia; Premature Ejaculation; Lacasera®; Tramadol; Off-label
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Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0
