Hematological profile of individuals suffering from Von Willebrand disease and hemophilia B in Southern Iraq: A comparative cross-sectional study

Background: Hemophilia B and von Willebrand disease are types of inheritied bleeding disorders. They affected the body’ s ability to stop of bleeding properly, leading to repeated bleeding episodes. These conditions can also change certain blood- related measurements. Looking at all the numbers in a complete blood count (CBC) can give important clues about the blood health of patients who are sick.
Objective: The goal of this study was to check and compare the blood test results, specifically CBC parameters. In individuals suffering from Von Willebrand disease and hemophilia B. It also looked at how these patients’ results differed from those of healthy individuals in AL-Muthanna province, Iraq.
Approaches: A cross – sectional analysis comparative A research was conducted. by reviewing laboratory records from the Hemophilia Center at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Samawah, Iraq. Twenty patients who had inherited bleeding disorders, including 11 with Hemophilia B and 9 with VWD, along with 20 healthy individuals, were included in the study. Hematological parameters such as Hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and Platelet count were examined. Statistical analysis was done using t-tests for comparing two groups and one-way ANOVA for comparing more than two groups, and results were considered significant if a P - Value was below 0.05.
Results: Patients who have inherited bleeding disorders had much lower levels of hemoglobin compared to the control group. Their average hemoglobin was 10.70 ± 0.74 g/dL, while the control group had 12.55 ± 1.88 g/dL (p = 0.0002).Their hematocrit levels were also lower, at 33.94 ± 2.32%, compared to 37.58 ± 5.78% in the control group (p = 0.0129).Additionally, their mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was smaller, averaging 67.33 ± 7.75 fL, versus 82.36 ± 8.66 fL for the control group (p < 0.001).Their mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was also lower, at 19.79 ± 2.18 pg, compared to 27.88 ± 3.03 pg in the group under control (P < 0.001). No, major changes was seen in this Red blood cell count and White blood cell count, mean corpuscular standerd hemoglobin, or count of platelet In the group of patients studied, the platelet counts were notably higher in individuals with von Willebrand disease compared to those with Hemophilia B (306.56 ± 89.06 versus 227.09 ± 71.07 × 10³/µL, P is equal to 0.0393).
Conclusion: Among individuals with Hemophilia B as well as VWD, there were marked changes in erythrocyte-related hematological indices, implying microcytic hypochromic hematological changes associated with recurrent bleeding episodes. Regular blood tests can help in better managing health and finding problems related to anemia earlier in those who are affected.