Forensic value of orthodontic records: A scoping review of their role in human identification and age estimation

Forensic dentistry makes good use of some aspects of orthodontic practice, such as identification of orthodontic records, and estimating age. This scoping review focused on the contributions of orthodontists practicing forensic odontology and the forensic implications of orthodontic records. The available literature was reviewed to describe the relevance of clinical photographs, study models, radiographs, and treatment notes as well as growth indicators such as the eruption pattern and morphology of the dentition. The review indicated that some orthodontic records, and in particular the standardized photographs and radiographs, may also assist in antemortem-postmortem comparisons and age estimation of children and adolescents. Unfortunately, the information available is mostly of a descriptive nature and is lacking in the area of validation. Overall, the contribution of the forensic orthodontist is really valuable, and the records kept by orthodontists should be accurate, standardized, and easy to retrieve, but will remain under the jurisdiction of the forensic science protocols and will not be available based on the professional opinion of the orthodontist.