Field survey on the impact of window opening on indoor temperature and humidity during the heating season

This study evaluates thermal comfort in residential kitchens in Dhaka City, focusing on the influence of window opening behavior on indoor temperature and humidity under different weather conditions. The primary objectives were to analyze window opening patterns and their impact on indoor air conditions, identify architectural factors influencing thermal comfort, and recommend adaptive solutions for energy-efficient ventilation. An experimental-descriptive approach was used, encompassing real-time temperature and humidity measurements in six residential kitchens during May and June 2024. Measurements were recorded under three weather scenarios—sunny, cloudy, and rainy days—with windows fully closed and partially opened (1/4 opening). Results indicated minimal differences in indoor air conditions with closed windows, irrespective of weather. Opening windows to 1/6 proved optimal for balancing ventilation and comfort during sunny days, while prolonged window openings increased energy consumption. On rainy days, high humidity limited indoor comfort, making window opening less effective. Temperature fluctuations across different window opening ratios remained within 1°C, while humidity changes were limited to 0–5% RH. The findings suggest intermittent window openings of up to 8 hours as the most efficient ventilation strategy, while prolonged openings were inefficient. Additionally, adaptive air treatment processes were recommended to maintain desired thermal conditions. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing natural ventilation in residential kitchens, balancing indoor comfort and energy efficiency in tropical climates like Dhaka.