Evaluation of dowsing methods for groundwater exploration in Solapur district, Maharashtra: A scientific analysis

Solapur district in Maharashtra, India, represents a critical case study for groundwater exploration due to its semi-arid climate, recurrent droughts, and over-dependence on groundwater resources. This research paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of traditional dowsing methods employed for groundwater exploration in Solapur district, comparing their efficacy with modern geophysical techniques. Through field surveys conducted across 45 villages in five talukas, we documented the continued prevalence of dowsing, with 68% of borewells sited using traditional methods. Controlled experiments revealed that dowsing achieved a 42% success rate in locating sustainable groundwater sources (>500 litres per hour, L/h), compared to 82% for resistivity surveys and 78% for seismic refraction methods. The success of dowsing in certain areas correlated strongly with the dowser's tacit knowledge of local hydrogeological conditions rather than any paranormal ability. We propose an integrated approach that respects traditional knowledge while emphasizing scientific validation for sustainable groundwater management in this water-stressed region.