Epistaxis and its management: A prospective study in a Teritiary Care Centre

Background: Epistaxis ( nose bleed) is one of the most common ear, nose and throat (ENT) emergencies that present to the tertiary care center. Management of Epistaxis is challenging and most are managed conservatively and some by surgical intervention. There is always a need to find the prevalence of Epistaxis and to identify the etiological factors in management of Epistaxis, by different methods such as medical treatment, anterior and posterior nasal packing, and surgical intervention that includes endoscopic cauterization, endoscopic arterial ligation, SMR and Nasal bone reduction. In our study we will determine the various etiologies of epistaxis and its management options.

Methodology: A prospective study was done in the Department of ENT, for duration of 18 months, total of 70 patients of both genders in age group of 18 - 60 years with clinical features of nasal bleed were enrolled in the study, and were subjected to clinical examination and history regarding onset and predisposing factors. Patients who are willing to undergo investigations to identify the cause and treatment are enrolled for the study after obtaining the written informed consent.

Results: A total of 70 patients were examined in this study. Males were affected more than females. The patients distribution across different age groups shows maximum at age of 46-60 years followed by 36-45 years. The most common cause was found to be trauma followed by hypertension, rhinosinusitis, deviated nasal septum and idiopathic. In most cases, anterior nasal bleeding was observed.Majority of the cases managed conservatively 71.5% while 28.5% patients required surgical intervention.

Conclusion: The study on epistaxis and its management provides valuable insights into effective strategies for addressing this common medical condition. This study emphasizes the importance of a medical and surgical approaches based on the severity and underlying causes of epistaxis. Anterior epistaxis is more common than posterior bleeds. Majority of cases of epistaxis are manageable by conservative measures and only few require surgical intervention. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance our understanding of epistaxis and refine therapeutic approaches for better patient outcomes.