The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the urea and creatinine of HIV/AIDS patients in Enugu Southeast of Nigeria

Ifeoma Chinwe Ikegwuonu 1, *, Nkechinyere Mercy Nwegbo 1, Promise Ezinne Chukwu 1, Adanna Perpetua Ikebudu 2, Patrick Tobenna Ikegwuonu 3, Joel Ifesinachi Agbo 1, Ifeanyi Emmanuel Arinze 1, Nzube Samuel Nwosu 1, Samuel Onuzulike Ebede 4 and Chika Betina Mba 5

1 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Enugu State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. Anambra State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Enugu State, Nigeria.
4 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. Enugu state, Nigeria.
5 Department of Haematology/Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Enugu State, Nigeria.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2023, 09(02), 979–985.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0681
Publication history: 
Received on 11 July 2023; revised on 22 August 2023; accepted on 25 August 2023
 
Abstract: 
Objective: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the immune system of human and can lead to Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome if not managed, this in turn affect the functionality of the body system especially the kidney. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is frequently prescribed as frontline drug in reducing viral load on a carrier. Creatinine and urea are makers for kidney function test. This study investigated the effects of HAART on the urea and creatinine of HIV positive individuals in Enugu, Nigeria.
Methods: We recruited about seventy subjects’ age (18-50years) for this cross-sectional study. Twenty-five HIV positive individuals on HAART as test subjects while twenty HIV positive HAART naive subjects and twenty-five HIV negative individuals as controls. 5mls of blood were collected from each participant and used in the analysis of creatinine and urea using colorimetric methods. All data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 computer software and results were expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation.
Results: The result obtained shows a significant increase (p<0.05) in both creatinine and urea levels among HIV positive HAART Naive subjects to compare with HIV positive subjects on HAART and HIV negative individuals. When individuals with HIV positive on HAART were compared with HIV negative subjects, there exist no significant different (P> 0.05) in both creatinine and urea levels.
Conclusion: This study concludes that HAART significantly increases kidney functionality on HIV positive individuals and ameliorate the effect of the virus on the nephrons of the kidney.
 
Keywords: 
HAART; HIV-positive; Urea; Creatinine; Enugu
 
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