Education 4.0 In healthcare: How can artificial intelligence help clinical reasoning?

Carolina Fátima Gioia Nava 1, *, João Guilherme de Souza Ramos 1, Denis Aguiar de Souza Filho 1, Lettícya dos Santos Lopes 2, Mariana Cardoso Silva 3 and Advisor Paulo Reis Rizzo Esselin de Melo 1

1 School of Medicine, Alfredo Nasser University Center (UNIFAN), Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
2 School of Medicine, University of Rio Verde (UniRV), Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
3 School of Medicine, Evangelical University of Goiás (Unievangélica), Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 13(02), 3527-3535.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2558
Publication history: 
Received on 13 November 2024; revised on 22 December 2024; accepted on 24 December 2024
 
Abstract: 
Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) can develop software and systems capable of performing functions that normally require human skills. Its integration with the health field brings numerous optimizations to medical practice. However, it is crucial to ensure that AI does not replace the clinical judgment of the professional because, despite promising advances, challenges and ethical issues arise that need to be widely discussed.
Objective: To investigate the use of AI to improve clinical reasoning, highlighting advantages, challenges and ethical implications.
Methodology: This integrative literature review searched the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, using the descriptors “Artificial Intelligence” AND “Clinical Reasoning”. Publications from 2019 to 2024 in Portuguese and English were included, and 19 articles were selected for the study.
Results and discussion: Clinicians have a positive perception of AI in medical practice even though significant challenges remain, such as the integration of clinical reasoning, data protection, unequal access and ethical issues. Despite this, AI has transformative potential, highlighting the urgent need to develop specific discussions, protocols and legislation to ensure its safe and effective use in healthcare.
Conclusion: AI should be used as a complementary tool in medical practice, broadening the clinical and objective view, but without replacing the subjectivity of the doctor-patient relationship. Its innovative capacity is crucial for the advancement of health, as long as it respects and preserves the human function in the clinical process.
 
Keywords: 
Clinical diagnosis; Medical training; Machine learning; Digital health technology\
 
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