A comprehensive review of phytochemistry and antibacterial action of Tectona grandis

Tectona grandis L. (Teak) is one of the commercial plants which is often used in Southeast Asia. Globally, the total area of planted teaks reaches 3 million hectares, with about 31% of the land located in Indonesia. Preliminary phytochemistry showed bioactive constituents as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Isolation and characterization by several methods were reported for quantifying the secondary metabolites found in the various parts of Tectona G, following the ICH guidelines and the following were reported, viz; Protocatechuic acid, Quinic acid, and its derivatives, Apigenin 7-O-diglucuronide, Luteolin, Luteolin 7-Odiglucuronide, Luteolin glucuronide, Diglucuronide, Apigenin glucuronide etc, which are responsible for their antibacterial action. The extractives of Tectona grandis were studied for antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion and disc diffusion method respectively. The test organism were isolates of nutrient broth, hospital strains, decayed food and Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB), antibacterial action of Tectona G were lucid as the extractives showed a maximum inhibitory effect; inhibition zone, evident by a clear zone of inhibition around the discs, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) respectively. Accordingly, this review demonstrates the importance of the herbal plant (Tectona grandis) in the treatment of bacteria thus, preventing its resistance.