Comparative analysis of electric motor drives employed for propulsion purpose of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) systems

Simon Fekadeamlak Gebremariam * and Tebeje Tesfaw Wondie

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Woldia Institute of Technology (WiT), Woldia University, Ethiopia.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2023, 10(02), 1097–1112.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.2.1074
Publication history: 
Received on 11 November 2023; revised on 22 December 2023; accepted on 25 December 2023
 
Abstract: 
This paper presents an analysis of electric motor drives for the propulsion system of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). It offers a comprehensive review and mathematical analysis of both AC and DC motor drives commonly used in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Various types of electric motor drives have been utilized for EV propulsion, and among them, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive stands out as the optimal choice. The PMSM drive demonstrates superior performance and numerous advantages, including a robust structure, high efficiency, compact size, reduced maintenance costs, and minimal torque ripple. These characteristics make it a more suitable option for EV propulsion compared to other motors. This study investigates the performance of the PMSM drive in comparison to other competitive electric motor drives used in EV propulsion systems, namely the Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM), the Induction Motor (IM), and the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). The evaluation focuses on key criteria for electric motors—output power and torque densities, essential for effective application in EV propulsion systems. The paper introduces novel mathematical and analytical relationships between two prominent PM motor families: the PMSM and the BLDCM. Both motors are highly competitive in terms of power and torque output. The mathematical analysis and graphical plot simulation results demonstrate that the PMSM drive offers the highest power and torque densities among the three motor drives. Specifically, the PMSM drive exhibits 29.90% greater power and torque densities than the BLDCM drive, 88.68% greater than the SRM drive, and an impressive 200% greater than the IM drive, all under the same operating parameters such as power factor, size, rating, and efficiency. These findings highlight the significant advantages of the PMSM drive, positioning it as a superior choice for electric vehicle propulsion systems.
 
Keywords: 
BEV; PMSM drive; BLDCM drive; SRM drive; IM drive; Power density; Torque density
 
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