Cardiovascular complications in arterial hypertension: Prevention strategies and literature review

Introduction: Arterial hypertension remains one of the leading threats to global public health. Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic options, hypertension control remains inadequate in many regions. Barriers include poor treatment adherence and delayed diagnosis, highlighting the need to assess the effectiveness of current interventions in diverse contexts. 

Objective: To evaluate the most effective strategies for preventing cardiovascular complications in patients with arterial hypertension, based on scientific evidence published over the past ten years. 

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted. Studies assessing preventive strategies in adult patients with chronic hypertension aimed at reducing cardiovascular complications were included. The search was limited to articles published between 2013 and 2023 in English and Spanish. 

Results: Evidence indicates that intensive blood pressure management, pharmacological optimization, novel therapies, dietary interventions, physical activity, weight loss, educational programs, telemonitoring, and collaborative care models significantly improve blood pressure control. The literature consistently highlights cardiovascular preventive benefits, although their magnitude varies depending on population, clinical context, and adherence levels. 

Conclusions: Effective management of hypertension requires a multimodal and integrated approach that combines lifestyle modifications, pharmacological optimization, educational strategies, community-based interventions, and the use of emerging technologies.