The association between self-management and blood pressure among patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study at Gading primary health center, Surabaya, Indonesia

This study aimed to examine the association between self-management and blood pressure among patients with hypertension. A correlational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 78 patients with hypertension selected through simple random sampling. Self-management was assessed using the 40-item Hypertension Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (HSMBQ). Blood pressure was measured directly and classified according to hypertension severity. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Most participants demonstrated poor self-management (61.5%), and 47.4% were classified as having severe hypertension. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between self-management and hypertension severity (r_s = −0.343, p = 0.024), indicating that better self-management was associated with lower hypertension severity. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening self-management through health education, medication adherence, dietary modification, physical activity, regular blood pressure monitoring, and family involvement to support effective blood pressure control among patients with hypertension.