Advancing sustainability accounting: A unified model for ESG integration and auditing

Titilayo Deborah Olorunyomi 1, *, Titilope Tosin Adewale 2 and Theodore Narku Odonkor 3

1 Independent Researcher, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
2 Independent Researcher, Canada.
3 Independent Researcher, Accra Ghana
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2021, 02(01), 169-185.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0021
Publication history: 
Received on 11 January 2021; revised on 17 March 2021; accepted on 19 March 2021
 
Abstract: 
Advancing sustainability accounting requires a unified framework to effectively integrate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics into organizational strategies and auditing processes. This paper presents a comprehensive model that synthesizes sustainability accounting and ESG principles to support transparent, consistent, and actionable reporting practices. The proposed framework addresses key challenges, including data standardization, metric relevance, and the alignment of ESG initiatives with financial performance and stakeholder expectations. At its core, the model emphasizes the integration of material ESG factors into traditional accounting systems, fostering a dual focus on financial and non-financial performance metrics. A critical component is the development of standardized reporting tools and methodologies to enhance comparability and reliability across sectors and regions. The study highlights the role of advanced technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, in streamlining ESG data collection, verification, and auditing processes. These technologies improve accountability, reduce greenwashing risks, and ensure compliance with evolving regulatory and market demands. The paper also explores stakeholder engagement as a vital aspect of the unified model. By aligning ESG objectives with stakeholder priorities, organizations can strengthen their commitment to sustainability while enhancing their reputational and competitive positioning. Case studies of successful ESG integration across industries illustrate the practical applications and benefits of the framework, including improved resource efficiency, risk mitigation, and long-term value creation. This unified approach to ESG integration and auditing promotes greater accountability and trust, contributing to global sustainability goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings underscore the necessity for cross-disciplinary collaboration among policymakers, business leaders, and auditors to achieve a transformative impact.
 
Keywords: 
Sustainability Accounting; ESG Integration; Unified Model; Auditing; Stakeholder Engagement; Materiality; Data Standardization; Blockchain; Artificial Intelligence; United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Greenwashing; Transparency; Long-Term Value Creation
 
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