A review on dos (Pathya) and don’ts (Apathya) in modern days of life: Ayurveda perception

The main objective of life is to be healthy and enjoy the wealth earned. But in the present scenario it has become the most difficult task. We are suffering from various diseases due to our lifestyle. But our sages have told us the simple and easy solution to all these problem long ago, which is described in the Samhitas of Ayurveda. The first aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy person so that no diseases should manifest. Treatment of diseases is the second aim of Ayurveda. To maintain the health of a healthy person Acharyas had described various dos and don’ts such as Ritucharya (seasonal regime), Dinacharya (diurnal regime) etc. The concept of Pathya (wholesome) and Apathaya (unwholesome) is one such concept. Apart from being a part of regime of healthy living, Ācharyas had also extended the concept of Pathya (wholesome) and Apathaya (unwholesome) as a part of the treatment of the diseases. This indicates the importance of Pathya (wholesome) and Apathaya (unwholesome) in Ayurveda. The concept of Dos and Don’ts is the peculiarity of Ayurveda.


Introduction
This ancient wisdom of medicine & positive health, first began in India.Acharya Charak has also emphasizes on health, hygiene, Aoushadh (drug), prophylaxis, diet and life-style in Sutra sthan.Over the once many decades, the ancient system of medicine known as Ayurveda has endured a healthy reanimation.Ayurveda aims to keep a person's Sharirik (physical), Manshik (mental), Antarik (internal), and Adhyatmik aspects in balance.The person develops health problems and conditions when this equilibrium is disturbed.For this conservation of equilibrium Aahar is the best medium.In Ayurveda, Aahar is mentioned in Trayo-upstambh, and it's called Brahma in Shastra.Acharya Kashyapa has said that food is Mahabheshaja.In this series, pathya-kalpana is the introductory and most important element in the fight against any types of disease/disorders.It's possible if one uses diet according the Tridosa, Deha prakriti, Satmya of person as well as panchabhautika composition of salutary substances.Pathaya Aahar, grounded on Panchabhoutic principles and shows effect consequently 1 .We use a variety of food additives and preservatives in our modern culture, which contribute to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, infertility, liver disease, and kidney disease.Although in Ayurveda, lifestyle disorders are often seen as a result of "Pragyaparadha" (intellectual blasphemy).
Acharya Charak had stated that Pathya Aahar is one of the causes for the growth and good of humans while Apathya Aahar is the root of all diseases 2 .Acharya Charak had counted Aahar first in the series of three supporting pillars(Triupastambha) of life along with sleep and controlled sexual activity 3 .Acharya Sushrut had further supported the fact by stating that food is the cause of vitality, strength, complexion and Oja 4 .

Why Ayurveda For Dos and Don'ts
According to Ayurveda, there are three main bases of healthy life like diet, exercise and medicine.You can find its explanation in various scriptures starting from the Vedas.History deals with the past.It's a guideline for development in any field of the life.The once experience about medicines and food manuscripts is of great help with respects to their quality, individuality, uniqueness etc, therefore making it more fruitful for unborn generations 1. 1.1.Veda   Vedas are the earliest known documentation, the sacred literature of India.Various evades about Dos and Don'ts are present in Veda right from Rigaveda e.g.Soma is the functional part of Pathya Aahar which is a powerful medicine of all diseases.Pathya Aahar acts as a medicine and it should be strictly followed. 5jurveda explained many cereals and food ingredients like Masha (Phaseolus moongo Linn.), Tila( Sesamum indicum Linn.), Moodga(Phaseolus radiatus Linn.), Priyangu (Setaria italic Beauv.),Shyamaka (Echinochloa frumentacea), Neevara (Hygroryza aristata Nees.), Godhuma (Triticum sativum Lam.), Masoora (Lens culinaris Medic.)etc.Yajurveda states that water, food, air etc. when purified by Yajna Karma acts as medicine. 6harveda states that a person who maintains Panchabhautikta properties (Agni (fire), Jala (water), Vayu (air)and Prithavi (earth) ) by Pathya Aahar and celibacy becomes energetic and healthy.He progresses towards the transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the cycle of rebirth 7 .In Atharveda some cereals like Virihi (Oryza sativa Linn.), Yava (Hordeum vulgare Linn.), Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.), Masoora (Lens culinaris Medic.),Masha (Phaseolus moongo Linn.)etc.had been described 8 .

Bhagwad Geeta
Aahar has been classified as Saatvika, Rajasa and Tamasa in nature.Saatvika Aahar increases life span, purifies the mind and soul and provides health, happiness and strength.This type of nourishing food is sweet, juicy, fatty and palatable.Rajasa Aahar are too bitter, too sour, salty, pungent, and dry and hot.Such Aahar cause pain, distress, and disease.Tamasa Aahar are being cooked more than three hours before consumption, which is tasteless, decayed, decomposed and unclean 9 1.1.3.Ramayana Payasa (rice pudding) increases the power of reproduction and provides the wealth and health, thus it is good and Pathya Aahar for human.In the Ramayan kaal various Kandamool and other wild medicinal plants are also describes which is useful for Aahar and other valuable purposes 10 .

Essentiality of the Dos and Don'ts in our Daily Life
What we should do or what not to do in our daily life is of most importance because it is this essence that determines whether you will be healthy or sick.For this scenario the greatest Acharya Susruta had specifically written a chapter named Hita-Ahitiya Aadhyay in Sutra Sthan.
The significance of Pathya(Dos) and Apathya (Don'ts) in Ayurveda can be found from the way that Acharya Charak had expressed Pathya(Dos) as an equivalent word for treatment 12 .Acharya Charak expressed that when channels of dissemination become hard by exasperated and vitiated Dosha, Pathya assists with relaxing the Srotasa (channels of flow) and Dosha alleviation 13 .Acharya Charak had extravagantly depicted the idea of Pathya and pathya.He had given a general run down of Pathya (healthy) and Apathya Dravya (unhealthy) alongside unambiguous Pathya and Apathya Dravya for patients and Sansarjana Karma(specific food system) for patients who have gone through Panchkarma Treatment.
Vaidya Lolimbraja was the well known Acharya, he stated about the very simple and easy formula of Pathya and Apathya regarding all aspect of life.He indicated the importance of Pathya Aahar (wholesome food) by stating that if a patient intakes Pathya food then there is no need of medicine and if a patient continuously consumes Apathya food then also there is no need of medicine.In the latter case, medicine will not be effective 15 .
In Yogaratnakara, it is expressed that for the treatment of illnesses etiology, drug treatment and Pathya (healthy) are three significant variables which ought to be concentrated on completely prior to beginning the treatment.Reasonable preparation of treatment by legitimate comprehension of these three factors generally yields an effective destruction of illness.Yogaratnakara utilizes the representation of seedling for moderate type of sickness.This seedling will dry and be obliterated in the event that it isn't sustained by water; comparatively illness will be annihilated on the off chance that a patient doesn't polish off Apathya Ahara 16 .

Fundamentals to Decide Dos and Dont's
It is in this context that it is mentioned extensively in Ayurveda literature and has been followed indirectly for centuries.These principles have been used since ancient times in the present or future also.There are some basic rules which we are mentioning here-Fruits which are old, unripe, beset by bugs and snakes, presented to snow or sun for a really long time, filling in the land and season other than the typical environment and time and festered are unwholesome 17 .
Meat of animals who have kicked the bucket a characteristic passing, who are gaunt or evaporated after death, who are greasy in over abundance, who are old, who are excessively youthful, who are killed by harmful bolts, who look in a land not equivalent with their normal territory and who are chomped by snakes and tigers and so forth are unwholesome.In any case, meat is healthy, supporting and strength advancing 18 .
Corns and grains, one year after their gathering are healthy.Old corns and grains are generally not unctuous while new ones are weighty to process.Corns and grains which require some investment for development as well concerning reaping are not difficult to process than those taking longer time.De-husked beats are not difficult to process 19 .
Vegetables pervaded with bugs, presented to the breeze and the sun for long time, evaporated, old and unseasonal are healthy.At the point when they are cooked without fat and leftover water in the wake of bubbling isn't sifted out, vegetables become unwholesome for use 20 .

Commons Dos and Don'ts as per Ayuved Samhitas
Acharya Charak showed some food articles which ought to constantly be eaten by sound people.These food articles incorporate Shashtika (Assortment of rice), Shali (Assortment of rice), Mudga (Phaseolus radiatus Linn.), Saindhav, Amalaka (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.),downpour water, Ghee, meat of animals staying in parched environment and honey 21 .Additionally, Acharya Charak had likewise demonstrated some food articles which ought to be kept away from by sound people.Such food articles are Vallura (dried meat), dried vegetables, lotus rhizome and tail and one ought to never eat meat of ailing animals 22 .Acharya Charak has divided the different types of food found in nature into different categories.In these categories they have classified as per their habitats and other properties.These are-

Discussion
Ayurveda has a comprehensive methodology in wellbeing the executives.It gives due significance to food in the administration of illness both as a Apathya(Don'ts) and as a piece of treatment (Pathya (Dos)).According to Ayurveda, the greater part of the sicknesses create because of defective dietary patterns so Ayurveda manages the Pathya Vyavastha (arranging of diet and dietetics) in an extremely logical way.Everyday exercises, occasional systems and so forth likewise assumes a significant part in the upkeep of wellbeing and in this manner, had additionally been remembered for the idea of Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) by the Acharyas.The above depicted realities are about the overall idea of Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) in Ayurveda.The particular Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) for a specific individual might vary as Ayurveda has confidence in the idea of uniqueness of every single individual.The specific Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) for a specific individual ought to be chosen in the wake of examining Prakriti (body nature), Kalpana (planning to be given), Kaal (season of admission of food), Matra (amount) and so on.
Dos and Don'ts made sense of under unambiguous plans act as anupana as well as help in pharmacokinetics of the medication, as in Amruthaprasha ghrita the pathya bioavailability enhancer.A few medications are referenced as pathya they might go about as bad guys for the fundamental medication for instance Shilajit is considered as a decent rasayana drug.In any case, it creates some inappropriate outcome when managed alongside certain medications like kulatha and drugs having vidahi and master ahara.Shilajit and kulatha have inverse gunas.Admission of both the medications simultaneously causes inappropriate impact.Thus, use of kulatha is contraindicated or considered apathya in the treatment of shilajit.
Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) in the event of explicit sicknesses: just prescription, treatments have restricted use in therapy of illnesses.Medication ought to be enhanced with legitimate eating regimen for better and speedy activity.In some condition just pathya go about as medication and fixes the sickness and taking apathya aahara in ailing condition will irritates the illness condition and Pathya apathya for explicit illness portray the strategy by which the further disturbance of infection can be forestalled.Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) for rasayana (restoring) and vajeekarana (Spanish fly) -Ayurveda represents life span and synchronous advancement of the personal satisfaction till the mature age.One of the specific parts of Ayurveda manages Rasayana or revival treatments and Vaajikarana treatments.Assuming these actions are taken on at suitable time, alongside proper pathya and apathya, the maturing system and related hopeless afflictions could be forestalled and relieved.The pathya and apathya to be followed during the admission of these Rasayana and Vaajeekarana yogas to be followed during the admission of these Rasayana Vaajeekarana yogas to acquire the necessary outcomes are specified.

Conclusion
Ayurveda has an all encompassing methodology in wellbeing the board.It gives due significance to food in the administration of sickness both as a causative element Don'ts (Apathya) and as a piece of treatment Dos(Pathya).
According to Ayurveda, a large portion of the diseases create because of flawed dietary patterns so Ayurveda manages the Pathya Vyavastha (arranging of diet and dietetics) in an exceptionally logical way.Everyday exercises, occasional systems and so forth likewise assumes a significant part in the upkeep of wellbeing and subsequently, had additionally been remembered for the idea of Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) by the Acharyas.The above depicted realities are about the overall idea of Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) in Ayurveda.The particular Dos-Don'ts (Pathya-Apathya) for a specific individual might contrast as Ayurveda has confidence in the idea of uniqueness of every single individual.The specific Pathya-Apathya for a specific individual ought to be chosen in the wake of breaking down Prakriti (body nature), Kalpana (readiness to be given), Kaal (season of admission of food), Matra (amount) and so on.

Table 1
23har & Vihar as per the Charak Sutra Sthan Adhyay 623 AaharTake food consisting of barley and wheat, meat of sharabha, shasha, lava and kapinjala.Foods that are easily digestible should be consumed.Old barley, wheat, rice, and other cereals are recommended.

Table 2
24fferent types of Pathya Kalpana ( Food Preparations) as per the Charak Sutra Sthan24

Table 3
24fferent types of Edible Varga as per the Charak Sutra Sthan24