Some green algae of Ajodhya hills and forest area of Baghmundi (Purulia district, West

Fresh water resources are depleting at a fast rate throughout the world affecting diverse aquatic flora and fauna. Algal flora responds to the adverse changes in habitat which is reflected by their morphotaxonomical deformation and occurrences of pollution tolerant taxa in the changed habitat. Based on the findings of more than five decades, it has been established that such taxa are labeled as bioindicator because of their pollution tolerance. Taking into account, these attributes; a systematic enumeration of phytoplanktons of all the five dams of Ajodhya hills viz. Upper dam, Lower dam, Marvel Lake, Kestobazar lake and Murguma dam was carried out. During the systematic investigations on morphotaxonomy of green algal flora of Ajodhya hills and forest area altogether 15 taxa of green algae were studied. These taxa belong to Volvocales, Chlorococcales and Zygnematales. These taxa come under the genera Eudorina, Gonium , Pandorina (Volvocales), Hydrodictyon , Pediastrum , Scenedesmus (Chlorococcales), Spirogyra , and Zygnema , (Zygnematales).


Study Area
Present study area includes five water bodies namely Upper dam, Lower dam, Marvel Lake, Kestobazar lake, and Murguma dam which have been selected for the present study.Upper and Lower dam are mainly used for hydro-electric power project.Marvel Lake adds to aesthetic beauty of the tourist, the lake was created by cutting stones when constructing the upper and lower dam.Kestobazar Lake is an impoundment used by local people for various purposes and Murguma dam is being used for irrigation and drinking purposes.These serene water bodies make the place an attractive tourist spot.All the dams are source of fish fauna.The details of the five (5) water bodies are given below-

Algal Collection and Identification
Collection of green algae along with other algal flora from selected five areas was made for three consecutive years (during 2020 to 2022).Monthly collection of samples from surface water was made.The samples were brought to laboratory and examined under Levenhuk Biological Microscope (Magnification 40x to1200x).Photographic analysis of objectives was performed with Microscope Digital Camera (Model No.SCMOS00350KPA, TOUPCAM) for morphotaxonomical studies.Both fresh and preserved (4% formalin) samples were studied and micro measurement was taken.Identification was made following The Fresh Water Algal Flora of British Isles, Algae of the Western Great Lake Area, Fresh Water Algae of Eastern India, Algal Flora of Jharkhand, Algal flora of Bihar, and other relevant literatures.

Water Analysis
Three consecutive years (2020, 2021 and 2022) observations and analysis water quality from the five different surface water bodies of Ajodhya hills have been done.The physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to the method of APHA (1995) and Trivedy and Goel (1986) and BIS.At each site, water samples were collected from five different locations for monitoring.Samples results of those five locations have been recorded (Table : 1.).A total of 17 parameters were studied.These are -water Temperature, pH, Alkalinity, Phosphate, Nitrate, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Calcium, Sodium, Silicate, Potassium, Magnesium, TDS, TSS, Biological Oxygen Demand and Turbidity.The Temperature ranges from (08 -35) °C, pH value ranges from 6.8 to 8.1.Diversity of alkalinity was found.The value of alkalinity ranges from 84-112 ppm.Phosphate value ranges from 1.30 mg/L-4.5 mg/L.Nitrate concentration ranges from 0.150 ppm -0.60 ppm, Chloride content varies from 12 ppm -27 ppm.Dissolved oxygen ranges from 5.3 ppm to 7.1 ppm., Biological Oxygen Demand ranges from 2.1 mg/l to 6.2 mg/l, Chemical Oxygen Demand varied from 2.9mg/l to 5mg/l, Turbidity ranges from0.35NTU to 0.80 NTU, calcium (hardness) varied from 48 mg/l to 71 mg/l, sodium value varied from 3.2 mg/l to 4.2 mg/l, potassium value varied from 1.2 mg/l to 1.7 mg/l, magnesium hardness value ranges from mg/l to 61 mg/l, total solids value ranges from 79 mg/l to118 mg/l.(Table:2.) (Dey andSharan,2022).).Lowest number of taxa was found in Murguma and Kestobazar dam.Certain portion of these water bodies are used by few local people of the neighboring for various purposes like washing clothes, utensils, bathing, domesticated livestock washing etc. and these boarder areas have been avoided for collection.The collections were made from the undisturbed part of areas.Maximum numbers of taxa were found in Upper dam followed by Lower dam, undisturbed part of Murguma dam, Mable Lake.Maximum number of taxa were collected in the month of September.The occurrence of diverse desmids flora is further supported by oligotropic nature as reported by the authors previously.

Conclusion
Present paper described a total 15 taxa of green algae.This study showed that wetland of Ajodhya hills is rich in algal diversity along with other groups of algae.This study highlights importance of the knowledge regarding the green algal flora of Ajodhya of Purulia district.The value of different physic-chemical parameters were found permissible limit prescribed by WHO and optimum condition for algal growth in these studied water bodies.This work will provide valuable information for hydrobiology and algal taxonomy.Water reservoirs show oligotrophic water quality in physicochemical analysis and also supported by the algal samples having genera like Spirogyra, Zygnema and different colonial green algae like Pandorina, Gonium, Eudorina etc.During the present study; pollution tolerant algal genera were recorded like Pediastrum ,Pandorina etc.

Table 1
Five water bodies and their coordinate and Area/Depth