The effect of punishment on improving student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency

This thesis departs from three main issues, namely; first, how are the conditions of student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency; second, how is the implementation of punishment for students in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency, and thirdly whether there is an effect of punishment on improving student learning discipline in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. To answer this problem, the authors collected data, both through literature review and field research. In this study, the authors used questionnaire instruments and field observations as well as documentation. After the data is collected, the author processes and analyzes the data using SPSS software and presented in the form of tables and narratives (discussions). The results of the study obtained that the condition of student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency was sufficiently disciplined, both in terms of discipline at school and in terms of learning activities in the classroom. Meanwhile, the implementation of punishment for students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency can be applied properly in accordance with indiscipline or violations committed. The effect of punishment on improving student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency is very influential, this is illustrated on the effect and influence of the punishment that has been given, most students stated that they are increasingly disciplined. of discipline, the implementation of punishment and the influence of punishment in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. The purpose of the study was then described in several research questions, namely: (1) what are the conditions of student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency? (2) How is the implementation of punishment for students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency? (3) How does punishment affect improving student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency?


Introduction
Education is a deliberate and structured effort to help the development of students' potential and abilities to benefit the interests of an individual's life and as a citizen of society. Education is a formation of personality and the development of scientific potential that exists in humans as a whole. Therefore, in the educational process, it must emphasize on science which is also directed at the development of intelligence to be able to learn quickly skillfully in carrying out things and directed at the development of mental attitudes and personalities to enter society. The implementation of education always involves several people at least two, namely teachers and students [1]. In this regard, education in schools is essentially also a successor to the education that has been received by children in the family, because parents have a very large responsibility for their children's education. The family is also the first and foremost educational institution.
Every teacher in the teaching and learning process is to pay attention, guard and protect students. Teachers are also required to be able to prevent and strive to foster learning discipline in students, so that students have a high level of learning discipline in school [2]. If students commit a violation that interferes with the implementation of education, teachers must take educational actions in order to achieve discipline in the teaching and learning process properly.
These actions include applying punishment, because punishment as an educational tool that serves as a deterrent so that students do not do things that are contrary to the regulations. Punishment can be used if reprimands, warnings, recommendations have not been able to prevent students from committing acts that violate the rules.
Moral punishment can have a great influence on the student's psyche that is more effective than corporal punishment, for example; a student who is elected to be the class president, then he does something that is not in accordance with the rules of his school, so that he is dismissed and another child is chosen to replace him. This kind of moral punishment has considerable psychological influence and he will work on how to restore the trust on the part of his friends [3].
Punishment is applied with the aim of achieving the objectives of an education, although punishment can be used as a last resort to achieve educational goals. Punishment is impossible to eliminate in education, since it is an educational too [4]l. When punishment in the form of a blow is prohibited because it enters into an act of violence, then what can be a solution, namely corporal punishment in the form of physical guidance aimed at providing health or body fitness, namely punishment that can provide benefits to students. The implementation of school rules can improve the activities of the learning process. Faced with students who do not obey the rules and obligations and tasks assigned, then they can be given sanctions or punishments. Penalties at school are made to correct the behavior of students from the same mistakes. In this regard, the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency is one of the madrasahs that applies punishment as the last alternative to achieve educational goals. In this case, the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency wants to realize discipline, so that the students do not commit violations. For example, being late for school or skipping school, it is necessary to have a regulation in the form of discipline, so that with this discipline the purpose of education will be achieved.
There are several types of punishments and disciplines applied by schools to improve student discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency. After making observations and interviews with teachers and students, researchers are motivated to conduct research at the school. The purpose of the study is to find out how the conditions of discipline, the implementation of punishment and the influence of punishment in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. The purpose of the study was then described in several research questions, namely: (1) what are the conditions of student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency? (2) How is the implementation of punishment for students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pinrang Regency? (3) How does punishment affect improving student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency?

Research objectives
 To find out the condition of student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency.  To find out the implementation of punishment for students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency.  To find out the effect of punishment on improving student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency.

Research methods
The research to be used is descriptive research. Descriptive research is research directed at providing symptoms, facts, or events systematically and accurately, regarding the traits of a particular population or region [5]. According to [6] Descriptive analysis is a method of analysis by describing / visualizing the data obtained in the form of tables or images (graphs). Researchers are directed to describe a state of affairs. The population is the whole subject of the study. The population in this study was all students of class XI and class XII in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency which amounted to 284 students. Data collection techniques in this study are observations and questionnaires, observations by observing and recording the conditions, processes and behaviors of the research object. Questionnaires are a data collection technique by giving a question to students and teachers. According to [7] the questionnaires are one of the tools for collecting primary data. Furthermore, according to [8] the questionnaires are one of the tools that are practical and easy to use in research with large amounts of data. Researchers process and analyze data using SPSS software and presented in the form of tables and narratives (discussions).

Research Location
The research location used by the researcher in carrying out his research was located at the School Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency located on St. Bulu Pakoro No.429, Tammasarengnge Village, Paleteang District, Pinrang Regency. About 190 km from the city of Makassar and approximately 3 km from the Pinrang Regent's office, west of the river and STM Baramuli Pinrang Regency, east of the Paleteang market, south of residents' housing and north of the Bau Massepe Sports Stadium.

Teachers/Employees
Educators or teachers and education staff at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency, the state of educators and education staff for the 2020/2021 school year was 72 people with details of 60 educators, 39 people with the status of civil servants and 28 non-civil servants, while there were 12 employees, 7 people with the status of civil servants and 5 people with the status of non-civil servants. Educators who are directly involved in the management of madrasahs are mostly qualified (S1) and some are qualified (S2), which of course makes this madrasa very potential to be developed professionally. It refers to [9].

Student
The results of the study that explained the number of samples of students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency Class XII based on gender were as follows: Based on table 1, it is known that the most Class XII students were women, namely 51 people (68.90%), while men were 23 people (31.10%). This shows that the number of female students is much more than the number of male students. Based on table 2, it was obtained that the most age of students was students who were 17 years old, namely 54 people or around 73.0%, while the least were students who were 19 years old, namely 1 person or only 1.4% facilities and infrastructure of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. To support the creation of effective and conducive learning, Madrsyah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency is equipped with facilities and infrastructure in the form of the main building which includes the work room of the head of the madrasa, the head or administration room, the treasurer's room, and the administrative staff room. Furthermore, the second building serves as a hall on the second floor, and on the first floor serves as a teacher's room. For more details can be seen in the following table: The availability of infrastructure is very important to support the level of discipline of teachers and students in the teaching and learning process. This is as stated [10] that infrastructure is the main factor in education and building the character of human resources of students. Furthermore [11] mentions that educational infrastructure is an inseparable part of the nation's character building activities.

Student Learning Discipline Conditions
Student discipline coaching is one of the studies in understanding student management. In studying student financing, we can analyze:  Class disciplines  Stages in helping to develop good discipline in the classroom  Countermeasures against disciplinary violations  Establishing school disciplines Based on table 4, it was obtained that the students' knowledge of the most discipline was those who answered always following the rules that applied while at school, namely 69 students (93.20%), while the fewest were those who answered diligently to school, namely 1 person (1.4 %). This means that most of the students studied, already know the meaning of the discipline itself. Discipline will always be related to order. Order shows a person's obedience in following internal rules or discipline because it is driven by something that comes from outside [12]. Meanwhile, discipline refers to a person's obedience in following rules or regulations because it is driven by the awareness that exists in the heart.
Thus class discipline is a state of order in a class in which the teacher joins and stays away from certain prohibitions. One other advantage of being disciplined is that students learn to live with good, positive, and beneficial habituation for themselves and their environment [13]. Related to this explanation, students' assumptions regarding the implementation of discipline in the School of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency can be illustrated from the following data. Based on table 5, the distribution of students' answers regarding the discipline of discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency, the most were those who answered enough discipline, namely 39 people (52.7 %), while the least were those who answered discipline, namely 14 people (18.9 %). The data illustrates that the implementation of discipline in the School of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, Pinrang Regency, is sufficiently disciplined so that it needs to be maintained.

Establishing school disciplines
An orderly, safe, and orderly school is a prerequisite for students to learn optimally. This kind of condition can occur if the discipline at school goes well. Student discipline can be grown if the school climate indicates discipline [14]. New students will soon adjust themselves to the situation. If the school situation is disciplined, the students will participate in the discipline. The principal plays an important role in shaping school discipline, from designing, implementing and maintaining it.
 Drafting should involve teachers, administrative staff, student representatives, and student representatives. By participating in the compilation, it is hoped that they feel responsible for the smooth implementation.  The design must be in accordance with the mission and objectives of the school. That is, the discipline designed must be spelled out from the purpose of the school.  The draft should be brief and clear, so that it is easy to understand. if the design is long enough, it is necessary to make a summary.  The draft must clearly contain a list of prohibited behaviors and their sanctions. The sanctions applied must be educational in nature and have been agreed upon by students, teachers, and parent representatives.
In addition to discussing discipline in terms of discipline, discipline in the learning process is no less important. This is illustrated from the disciplinary data on learning activities at the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. In addition to discussing discipline in terms of discipline, discipline in the learning process is no less important [15]. This is illustrated from the disciplinary data on learning activities at the following Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. Based on table 6, the distribution of students' answers regarding the discipline of learning activities in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency, the most were those who answered enough discipline, namely 39 people (52.7 %), while the least were those who answered discipline, namely 17 people (23.0 %). To apply discipline optimally in a school is not easy, because many students who have different characters tend to still commit violations in the school environment, as illustrated in the results of research on the forms of violations commonly committed by students in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency as follows: Based on table 7, the distribution of students' answers regarding the form of violation in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang District, the most were those who answered never carrying sharp objects, firecrackers, liquor or drugs. That is 72 people (97.3 %), while the fewest were those who often did not give information when not present, always making noise, disturbing during the teaching and learning process or during ceremonies, often jumping over school windows or fences, always Being disrespectful to teachers, employees or friends and always Engaging in student fights or brawls, namely 1 person each (1.4%). The form of these violations cannot be separated from the awareness of students in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency to be better able to realize the importance of discipline in the school environment.

Countering Disciplinary Violations
Violations of class discipline need to be implemented in a prudent, democratic and educational manner.
Countermeasures are carried out gradually while still paying attention to the type of disorder that exists and who the perpetrator is, whether it is carried out by individuals or groups. This step starts from the prevention stage to the healing stage, while still relying on the emphasis of the substance not on the student's person. In addition, it must also maintain a feeling of love for students not because of hatred or emotion. However, it is necessary to realize that discipline in the classroom is very influential by various factors, including student environmental factors such as the home environment. Therefore, teachers also need to cooperate with parents, so that the habits of discipline in the school to be maintained will flourish.

Implementation of Punishment on Students
Discussing discipline then cannot be separated from punishment. basically all punishments are given for mistakes and aim that students do not do wrong again, thus containing positive values. punishing is not the same as revenge or acting arbitrarily. A foremost principle of punishment is how to make the convicted deterrent and not repeat his deeds again. . Based on the number of students who have been convicted in table 8, the following can be known the causes of the student being convicted. One of the factors that become obstacles in the application of punishment for students is that some teachers are not as grateful as the punishment given. This is in line with the results of the study [16] that not all teachers at SDN 2 Madang OKU Timur agree with the application of educational punishment. The application of punishment at SDN 2 Madang OKU Timur is a punishment in the form of delay in awarding, punishment in the form of disenfranchisement of students, being expelled from class or time out, punishment in the form of suspension. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced by teachers in applying educational punishments for violations of student discipline at SDN 2 Madang OKU Timur are the lack of support from parents for the application of educational punishments, the difficulty of understanding the character of children, and the pros and cons. between teachers at SDN 2 Madang OKU Timur. Keywords: Educational Punishment, Discipline, Elementary Students. Punishment is given so that the individual realizes his mistake and then feels the sorrow that we feel as a result of the actions of the child or person earlier [17]. So in giving the punishment contained ethical goals (moral, moral, good, right) [18]. Punishment is given because there is a child or person who has done something wrong, and is intended so that the perpetrator stops or leaves the despicable act, then does not repeat the act [19]. Thus, the child or the person concerned becomes a deterrent. Punishment means a form of loss or pain inflicted on the person who did the wrong thing [20]. To be effective the punishment must be unpleasant, be some form of loss, pain, or suffering. However, modern educational tendencies now view punishment as taboo and no longer suitable for use in education [21]. Punishment will be found in every layer of order and dimension of human life starting in the family, at school, and in society at large [22]. Psychologically punishment can be seen as a source of motivation in the overall human behavior [23]. For example, a child avoids not cheating in a test because he knows that cheating is not good, he may be subject to punishment, including failing to pass. "Not passing" is an unpleasant situation and must be avoided and on the contrary "passing" is a pleasant condition that must be pursued. So from an educational point of view, punishment is an educational tool both at school and outside of school, namely as a tool in the process of developing the personality of students [24].

Conclusion
The condition of student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency is quite disciplined, both in terms of discipline at school and in terms of learning activities in the classroom. The implementation of punishments on students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency can be applied properly in accordance with the indiscipline or violations that have been committed. The effect of punishment on improving student learning discipline in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency is very influential. This is illustrated on the effect as well as the effect of the punishments that have been given, most students expressing increasing discipline. It is hoped that the school will always maintain the condition of student discipline while still upholding the rules that apply in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency. The implementation of punishment for students who violate the rules must still be enforced so that they can still synergize with the creation of discipline in the Madrasah Aliyah Negeri of Pinrang Regency.