The effect of auxins and cytokinin combinations on leaf culture in edible and ornamental banana cultivars

Banana is a fruit crop with economic importance. This research focuses on banana cultivation, aiming to develop new methods and establish protocols for micro-propagation using leaf culture, supporting future breeding efforts. The study utilized half-strength MS medium with varying auxin and cytokinin concentrations to induce callus formation under sterile conditions. Callus formation rates were assessed across treatments, and successful Calli were transferred to proliferation and induction media for shoot and root induction. The results showed that specific concentrations of auxin and cytokinin combination significantly influenced callus induction in Dwarf banana leaves. The highest callus formation occurred with 4 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L NAA, while 0.5 mg/L TDZ + 0.5 mg/L NAA was most effective for callus proliferation. Root induction succeeded with 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 1 mg/L IBA, in contrast, shoot regeneration was unsuccessful. Additionally, the study examined anti-browning and antioxidant properties, revealing that no white or yellow callus developed under any of the treatments. Although this research successfully achieved callus induction, shoot regeneration from banana leaf callus remains a challenge. Due to the complexity of the process and the innovative techniques involved, further studies are needed to explore this stage, especially considering the time constraints of the current research.