Formulation of a facial serum using the seed and pulp of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) and Persea americana (Lauraceae)

Background: The increasing demand for safe, affordable, and natural skincare products has driven interest in plant-based cosmetic formulations, particularly in regions where imported products are costly and often contain harmful synthetic additives. Tropical fruits such as Carica papaya (pawpaw) and Persea americana (avocado) are rich in bioactive compounds, including vitamins, fatty acids, and antioxidants, which offer significant dermatological benefits such as skin hydration, rejuvenation, and protection against oxidative stress.
Objectives: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate facial serums using oils derived from the seed and pulp of Carica papaya and Persea americana, and to assess their physicochemical and organoleptic properties for suitability in skincare applications.
Methods: Avocado pulp and pawpaw (seed and pulp) were processed using cold maceration in sunflower oil to obtain infused oils. These oils were blended with rosehip oil, grapeseed oil, vitamin E oil, and lemongrass essential oil to produce serum formulations at varying concentrations (60%, 65%, and 70%). The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties (colour, odour, texture, homogeneity, and washability), pH, viscosity, and torque using standard laboratory methods. Stability and uniformity were assessed over a 30-day period.
Results: The formulated serums exhibited desirable organoleptic properties, with the pawpaw serum showing a golden-yellow colour and the avocado serum a light green hue. Both formulations had pleasant fragrances, smooth textures, and excellent homogeneity with no phase separation. The pH ranged from 3.3 to 4.5, indicating mild acidity compatible with skin physiology. Viscosity values ranged from 5.00 to 10.00 cP, reflecting light to moderate consistency suitable for topical application, while low torque values (0.2–0.4%) confirmed good spreadability. Statistical analysis showed low variability, indicating formulation stability and reproducibility.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that avocado and pawpaw oils can be effectively utilized to develop stable, skin-friendly facial serums with desirable physicochemical and sensory properties, offering a cost-effective and natural alternative to conventional skincare products.