Exploring natural disintegrant as alternative excipients sources for tablet formulation: A systematic review

Optimizing the disintegration and dissolution of orally administered tablets is crucial for releasing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for absorption. This review explores disintegrant research, focusing on natural super disintegrants and co-processed excipients that collected from 2010-2024. Natural disintegrants such as Silicified Oryza Sativa Starch, Plantago ovata mucilage, and gum karaya show promising results. Silicified Oryza Sativa Starch enhances paracetamol tablet disintegration, while Plantago ovata mucilage outperforms Crosspovidone. Gum karaya offers a cost-effective, biocompatible alternative to synthetic disintegrants. Other natural disintegrants like Linum usitatissimum mucilage and Isapghula mucilage with banana powder also improve disintegration and drug release rates. Additionally, cassava starch flour could replace synthetic disintegrants like Starch1500®, and Lepidium sativum seed mucilage enhances dispersion and drug release of orally disintegrating tablets. The development of flurbiprofen fast disintegrating tablets using natural disintegrants such as Plantago ovata, Lepidium sativum seeds, and agar-agar supports the effectiveness of natural alternatives. Fenugreek gum acts as a super dissolving agent and shows anti-inflammatory properties when combined with diclofenac sodium.