Effect of bird dropping deposition on photovoltaic (PV) module performance at different sites

Bird dropping deposition on the front glass plate of a Photovoltaic (PV) module is a critical challenge for output power generation. This research article is proposed to investigate the impact of bird dropping accumulation on PV surface at different sites. The current study includes the effect of bird dropping deposition in terms of physical parameters like gravimetric, electrical and transmittance analysis. The obtained results show how bird dropping settlement at the different sites affect the PV performance through output power generation. Gravimetric analysis depicts the maximum amount (51gm) of bird dropping deposition that occurs on the rooftop and the minimum (21gm) along the roadside, which is a replica of the bird's behavior. As a result, the average maximum power loss (22.1%) on the rooftop while the minimum (12.1%) along the roadside.