Serum Vitamin D and anti-mullerian hormone levels in infertile women in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Aim: To determine anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in infertile women in Calabar.
Study design: A comparative cross sectional study was used.
Methodology: A total of ninety (90) participants which comprises of thirty (30) menorrheic infertile women, thirty (30) amenorrheic infertile women and thirty (30) controls were enrolled into the study. The infertile women were further grouped into twenty three (23) primary and thirty seven (37) secondary infertile women. Blood samples were collected from menorrheic infertile women and control on third day of the menstrual cycle. AMH was analyzed using Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay Technique and 25(OH)D was analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography on day three serum samples. Random blood samples were collected from amenorrrheic infertile women and were assayed for AMH and 25(OH)D. Anthropometric indices were obtained using standard methods. Data were analyzed using student t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation. Significant difference was considered at p <0.05.
Results: The mean levels of AMH and vitamin D were significantly lower (p=0.001) in infertile women when compared to control. The waist hip ratio (WHR) was significantly higher (p=0.037) in the secondary infertile women compared to the primary infertile women. There was a significant negative correlation between serum AHM & age (r = -0.861, p= 0.001) in infertile women.
Conclusion: In this study, the serum vitamin D and AMH levels were significantly lower in the infertile women than in the fertile women. A large number of studies are still required to assess the relationship between vitamin D and AMH and other factors that contribute to infertility.