Histopathological patterns of gastrointestinal lesions: Insights from a Tertiary Care Centre

Gastrointestinal (GI) lesions are a common clinical concern with significant implications for patient health, particularly in cases involving malignancies. Understanding the histopathological spectrum of these lesions is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological spectrum of gastrointestinal lesions at a tertiary care center, focusing on the prevalence of different types of lesions and their distribution according to clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a one-year period, from November 2022, to October 2023, at the Department of Pathology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, UP. A total of 100 patients with clinically suspected GI lesions were included. Biopsy specimens were collected and analyzed using standard histopathological techniques. The data were analyzed to determine the frequency of different types of GI lesions and their correlation with clinical features. Results: The study found that inflammatory lesions were the most prevalent, accounting for 57% of the cases. Malignant lesions were identified in 35% of the patients, with adenocarcinoma being the most common malignancy, especially in the colon, representing 57.14% of malignant cases. The small intestine was the most frequently affected anatomical site, involved in 33% of the cases, followed by the appendix at 22%. The majority of patients were middle-aged males, with a significant correlation between the type of lesion and gender. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of gastrointestinal lesions, particularly inflammatory and malignant lesions, in the studied population. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of these lesions, particularly in high-risk groups such as older males. Enhanced clinical management strategies are needed to address the substantial impact of GI pathologies on patient health.