The biological basis of Parkinson's disease: A comprehensive review

Abderraouf Guessoum; Mohammed Abouelsoud; Ikram Khirani

doi:10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1473

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The biological basis of Parkinson's disease: A comprehensive review

Abderraouf Guessoum ^{1, 2, *}, Mohammed Abouelsoud ¹and Ikram Khirani ³

1 U: The Mind Company, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
2 Public Hospital Institution Saadaoui El Mokhtar, Ain Oussera, Algeria.
3 Public Hospital Institution Said Aouamri, Setif, Algeria.

Review Article

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 12(02), 2685–2706.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1473
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1473

Publication history

Received on 01 July 2024; revised on 16 August 2024; accepted on 19 August 2024

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, the exact biological basis of PD remains elusive. This comprehensive review explores the current understanding of the pathophysiology of PD, focusing on epidemiology, genetics, environmental factors, molecular and cellular mechanisms, neuropathology, and clinical manifestations. The article synthesizes information from recent studies and expert opinions to provide a multifaceted perspective on the complex interplay of various factors contributing to PD development and progression. Key areas of discussion include the roles of alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and the gut-brain axis. The review also highlights potential therapeutic targets and future research directions aimed at unraveling the intricate biological basis of PD.

Keywords

Parkinson's Disease; Neurodegeneration; Alpha-synuclein; Dopaminergic neurons; Neuroinflammation; Gut-brain axis

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How to cite this article

Abderraouf Guessoum, Mohammed Abouelsoud and Ikram Khirani. The biological basis of Parkinson's disease: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 12(02), 2685–2706. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1473

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