Evaluating the effectiveness of heavy metals removal from mine wastewater using agricultural waste materials

Polluted water bodies pose a danger to both aquatic and terrestrial lives, and recent development in the mining centre has escalated this pollution through the disposal of its industrial wastes. The objective was to investigate the potential of four different agricultural waste materials in eliminating the heavy metals from mine wastewater. The results show that the best performance in terms of adsorption capacity and removal efficiency was observed with coconut husk-activated carbon. The Arsenic (As) concentration decreased from 3.185 mg/kg to 1.570 mg/kg, and the Mercury (Hg) content decreased from 0.0307 mg/kg to 0.0064 mg/kg. The corresponding removal efficiencies were 51% for Arsenic and 79% for Mercury after 120 minutes of contact time at a speed of 250 rpm. The results suggest that coconut husk-activated carbon exhibited superior adsorption capacity and removal efficiency compared to the other agricultural waste materials (maize cob, rice husk, and sawdust). This indicates that the natural properties of coconut husk are more effective in removing heavy metals from mine wastewater.