Relationship of lead (pb) content in hair, body mass index, and social environment with anemia in adolescent girls in Gorontalo city

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between lead levels, body mass index, and social environment with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls, both individually and simultaneously. The study aims to maintain a balanced and objective approach, avoiding biased language and employing precise word choice. The language used is formal and clear, with a logical structure and causal connections between statements. The text adheres to conventional academic structure and formatting, including consistent citation and footnote style. No changes in content have been made, and technical term abbreviations have been explained when first used. The research data was collected using digital measuring instruments and questionnaires and then analyzed univariately and bivariately. The study results indicate that lead (Pb) levels in hair, body mass index (BMI), and social environment are significantly related to the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls, both partially and simultaneously. Specifically, lead levels in hair have a negative correlation with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. As lead levels in hair increase, hemoglobin values decrease, and the level of anemia in adolescent girls falls into the severe anemia category. However, it is worth noting that BMI and social environment are positively correlated with anemia in adolescent girls. This means that higher BMI and a better social environment are associated with higher hemoglobin levels in the blood, resulting in a lower prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls. Additionally, all three independent variables are related to the dependent variable by 32.60%. This study found that lead levels in hair, BMI, and social environment account for 32.60% of anemia in young women. The remaining 67.40% is attributed to other variables not included in this study.