Phytochemical screening and potential antimalarial properties of Blighia sapida extracts from Osun State, Nigeria

Malaria continues to be a global health concern, especially in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where reliance on traditional medicine for treatment remains widespread. This study focuses on the phytochemical screening and potential antimalarial properties of Blighia sapida extracts from Osun State, Nigeria. The research aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in B. sapida extracts and evaluate their potential efficacy in malaria treatment. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of 13 bioactive compounds, with quercetin (53.08%) and persin (14.98%) being the most abundant. Other notable compounds included zeaxanthine (9.37%), beta-cryptoxanthine (3.72%), and coumarin (1.01%). Quercetin is well-documented for its potent antioxidant and antiplasmodial properties, making it a key contributor to the plant's potential antimalarial effects. Similarly, persin exhibits cytotoxic activity, which could aid in the inhibition of malaria parasites. Zeaxanthine and beta-cryptoxanthine, as carotenoids, play significant roles in mitigating oxidative stress associated with malaria infection, while coumarin and afzelin may provide supplementary anti-inflammatory and antiplasmodial benefits. The findings align with the study's objectives, demonstrating that B. sapida is rich in phytochemicals with potential antimalarial properties. This research provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of B. sapida in malaria treatment, offering a foundation for further investigation. Future studies should focus on isolating and characterizing individual compounds, conducting in vivo antimalarial assays, and exploring their pharmacological mechanisms. This study highlights the importance of integrating phytochemical knowledge into the development of plant-based therapies for malaria. By validating the traditional use of B. sapida, it contributes to the search for novel, affordable, and effective treatments for malaria, particularly in resource-limited settings where the burden of the disease remains high.