Oxytocin: A key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis

Oxytocin, traditionally recognized for its roles in social bonding and reproductive behaviors, is emerging as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis. This review synthesizes current research illustrating how oxytocin influences cellular energy processes, particularly within the context of metabolic disorders. By interacting with oxytocin receptors in key metabolic organs, oxytocin modulates mitochondrial biogenesis, enhances glucose uptake, and optimizes energy utilization, thereby contributing to overall metabolic stability. Recent studies in rodent models highlight the potential of oxytocin analogs in ameliorating symptoms of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and diabetes, by improving mitochondrial function and energy expenditure. This review aims to consolidate these findings, propose mechanisms of action, and discuss the therapeutic prospects of oxytocin in managing metabolic diseases. The implications of oxytocin’s metabolic effects extend beyond traditional reproductive and social domains, suggesting a multifaceted hormone with significant potential for addressing public health challenges related to metabolic disorders.