Interplay between Estuarine Geomorphology and Anthropogenic Dependency in the Bichitrapur Mangrove Forest

The Bichitrapur mangrove ecosystem, situated at the confluence of the Subarnarekha estuary in Odisha, represents a complex interaction between coastal geomorphic processes and socio-economic activities. This study investigates the geomorphological characteristics of the region and evaluates the extent of anthropogenic dependency on its mangrove resources. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the research integrates geospatial analysis of estuarine landforms, such as beach ridges and cheniers, with primary household surveys across neighboring villages. Results indicate that the unique geomorphic setup fosters a rich biodiversity of mangrove species, including Avicennia marina and Excoecaria agallocha, which serve as the primary source of livelihood for approximately 50% of the local population through fishing and forest product collection. However, the study reveals a significant socio-economic vulnerability, with 100% of respondents expressing dissatisfaction with current resource management and economic stability. The findings highlight a critical need for sustainable management strategies that balance the preservation of the estuarine geomorphology with the socio-economic development of the dependent communities.