ICT Literacy of Teachers and Resource Status of Public Elementary School Teachers in Kabugao Districts: Basis for Digital Infrastructure Framework

This study examined the ICT literacy and ICT resource status of public elementary school teachers in Kabuga Districts 1 and 2, Division of Apayao, as a basis for proposing a digital infrastructure innovation framework for School Year 2025–2026. Employing a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design with a developmental component, the study involved public elementary school teachers from both districts selected through total enumeration. Data were gathered using structured survey questionnaires and supplemented by selected interviews for data triangulation. Statistical tools including descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrate a very high level of ICT literacy across five domains: basic ICT operations and concepts, ICT integration in teaching and learning, digital content creation and management, online communication and collaboration, and digital safety and security. ICT resources in the district were generally assessed as adequate and functional. However, persistent challenges were identified, including unreliable internet connectivity, limited access to devices and digital repositories, insufficient formal ICT training, heavy workload constraints, and inequitable access to technology among learners. No significant differences in ICT literacy were found across most profile variables, although position and length of teaching experience were found to significantly influence specific higher-order ICT competencies. A moderate positive and significant relationship was established between ICT literacy and ICT resource status, indicating that improved access to resources contributes to enhanced teacher ICT competence. Based on the findings, the study proposed the Kabuga ICT-READY Framework, a holistic and systems-based model comprising seven interconnected components designed to guide coordinated and sustainable digital infrastructure development in the district.