Growth performance and community-based rehabilitation of Rhizophora spp. in Parangloe Village, Makassar City, Indonesia

Mangrove ecosystems are essential for coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. This study evaluates the growth performance and early ecological impacts of Rhizophora spp. planted in a 1-hectare restoration site in Parangloe Village, Makassar City, Indonesia. On August 28, 2024, a total of 3,000 propagules were planted using direct planting and nursery transplantation methods. Over six months, environmental parameters, seedling survival, and growth were monitored. The average survival rate was 87.4%, with a mean height increment of 5.8 cm/month. Community participation was pivotal, involving 100 local residents in planting, maintenance, and monitoring. Supported by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Makassar, the community also established a mangrove nursery, successfully propagating 2,000 additional seedlings in 2024. Early ecological benefits included increased mud crab abundance and reduced shoreline erosion. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of community-driven mangrove rehabilitation in enhancing coastal resilience and providing socio-economic benefits in urban coastal settings.